| Pedro de Calasans | |
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| Born | Pedro Luziense de Bittencourt Calasans 29 January 1837 Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Sergipe, Brazil |
| Died | 24 February 1874 (aged 37) Near Madeira, Portugal |
| Occupation | Poet, journalist, playwright, literary critic |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Literary movement | Romanticism |
| Notable work(s) | Adeus!, Wiesbade, Uma Cena de Nossos Dias |
| Relative(s) | João José de Bittencourt Calasans |
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Pedro Luziense de Bittencourt Calasans (January 29, 1837 — February 24, 1874) was a Brazilian poet, playwright and journalist, adept of the "Ultra-Romanticism" movement.
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Calasans was born in the city of Santa Luzia do Itanhy, in the Brazilian State of Sergipe, to Lieutenant Colonel João José de Bittencourt Calasans (who would be the governor of Sergipe during later life) and Luísa Carolina Amélia de Calasans. He initiated his studies at the Liceu São Cristóvão, finishing them in Recife, Pernambuco. With 16 years old, he published his first poetry book: Adeus!.
In 1855, he enters at the Faculdade de Direito do Recife, publishes another poetry book (Páginas Soltas) and starts to collaborate to some newspapers. Graduating in 1859, he returns to Sergipe, to the city of Estância, where he marries a wealthy lady; however, they divorce some years later.
Moving to Rio de Janeiro in 1861, he becomes a deputy from 1861 to 1864, dedicating himself solely to journalism and advocacy. In 1864, he travels to Europe, where he writes more three books: Ofenísia (while in Brussels), Uma Cena de Nossos Dias and Wiesbade (both while in Leipzig).
Returning to Brazil in 1867, he becomes a judge in the city of Caçapava, publishing more four books: A Campa e a Rosa (in which he translated many poems by Victor Hugo), A Morte de Uma Virgem, Qual Delas? and A Rosa e o Sol. He becomes a provincial deputy in Rio Grande do Sul, later transferring himself to Jeremoabo (Bahia) due to health problems.
His health problems eventually evolved into tuberculosis, and, in unsuccessful attempts of mitigating the disease, Calasans travels to Ilhéus (Bahia), Serro and Diamantina (both in Minas Gerais). In a final attempt, Calasans embarks to Madeira, but dies before arriving.